<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jacob, Christian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Julius Litorco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leo Lee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunity Through Swarms: Agent-Based Simulations of the Human Immune System</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ICARIS</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year></dates><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">400-412</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;We present a swarm-based, 3-dimensional model of the human immune system and its response to first and second viral antigen exposure. Our model utilizes a decentralized swarm approach with multiple agents acting independently—following local interaction rules—to exhibit complex emergent behaviours, which constitute externally ob- servable and measurable immune reactions. The two main functional branches of the human immune system, humoral and cell-mediated immunity, are simulated. We model the production of antibodies in response to a viral population; antibody-antigen complexes are formed, which are removed by macrophages; virally infected cells are lysed by cytotoxic T cells. Our system also demonstrates reinforced reaction to a previously encountered pathogen, thus exhibiting realistic memory response.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>